Precarization of youth labour as a factor in the formation of the "self-employed" group
Research Article
How to Cite
Velikaya N.M. Precarization of youth labour as a factor in the formation of the "self-employed" group. Science. Culture. Society. 2022. Vol. 28. No. 2. P. 6-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.2.1 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The article discusses the process of precarization of youth in Russia which is caused by changing of labor relations in modern economy, widespreading of non-formal practices and gig-economy. Particularly the peculiarities of the formation of a self-employed group in Russia, which is linked with new legislature and adopting new tax regime for professional activity. The legislative framework and statistical data are analyzed, which allow us to identify trends in the formation of this group, describe disadvantages of new regime and to state that intensive growth of the self-employed layer is not expected in the near future.
Based on empirical data obtained during quantitative (all-Russian survey) and qualitative (focus group interviews) sociological studies, the main risks of precarization of the self-employed group are identified: unstable employment, unemployment, low incomes, lack of social guarantees, mismatch of qualifications and education to work, etc. It was exposed that according their professional and labor orientations and strategies group of self-employment is very close to the group of individual entrepreneurs, which let us consider them as potential social base to stratum of entrepreneurs. The specifics of precarization of young people associated with the vulnerability of their economic and social status at the beginning of their career, the directions of their life strategies and ideas about the prospects of economic and political development in the country are shown.
The data on the individual social fears of the respondents and interviewees allow us to conclude that self-employment based on forced and voluntary grounds leads to the construction of different life strategies and labor practices, which also correlates with the spheres of employment.
Keywords:
precarization, precariousness, self-employment, labor market, social well-being, labor relations
References
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16. Velikaya, N. M. (2020) Youth of Russia in the face of social threats. In : III readings in memory of V. T. Lisovsky. Collection of conference materials (Moscow, 19.12.2019). Moscow, Ekon-Inform. Pp. 106-109 (in Russ.).
17. Kuznetsova, A. P. (2015) The alienation of labor and precarious employment of workers. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. No. 2 (196). Pp. 12-18 (in Russ.).
18. Kopytok, V. K., Kuzmina, Yu. V. (2020) Unemployment during COVID-19: what can administrative data tell? [Bezrabotitsa vremen COVID-19: chto mogut rasskazat' administrativnye dannye?]. Center for Advanced Management Solutions. Moscow, TSPUR Publ. 38 p. (In Russ.).
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20. Maslyukova, E. V., Mokrousova, D. I., Pokusaenko, M. A. (2021) Precarization of the youth’s employment in the context of COVID-19 pandemic consequences. Russian Journal of Economics and Law. Vol. 15. No. 3. Pp. 440-454. DOI 10.21202/2782-2923.2021.3.440-454 (in Russ.).
2. Arnett, R. C. (2021) Precarity: Eclipsing the Face of the Other. In : Covid 19. A Journey into Social Precarity: Proc. of Intern. Conf. “Shifts and orientations within the social crisis and pandemic catastrophe” (Berlin – Rome, 29-30 April 2021). Pp. 8-20 (in Eng.).
3. Han, C. (2018) Precarity, Precariousness, and Vulnerability. Annual Review of Anthropology. Vol. 47 (1). Pp. 331-343. DOI 10.1146/annurev-anthro-102116-041644 (in Eng.).
4. Arseienko, A. G. (2021) Problems of destandardization and precarization of labor in the context of globalization-americanization-deglobalization of the world economy in the XXI century. Science. Culture. Society. Vol. 27. No. 4. Pp. 54-65. DOI 10.19181/nko.2021.27.4.5 (in Russ.).
5. Lunkin, R. N. (2021) Precariat: behavior of a social class during the crisis. Scientific and analytical Herald of IE RAS. No. 2. Pp. 110-116. DOI 10.15211/vestnikieran22021110116 (in Russ.).
6. Kuchenkova, A. V. (2019) Secondary employment in the context of precarization on the Russian labor market. Sociological Studies. No. 9. Pp. 73-83. DOI 10.31857/S013216250006659-7 (in Russ.).
7. Budagov, A. S., Aliyev, U. A. (2020) Precarization of wage labor relations. Aktual'nye problemy ekonomiki i upravleniia. No. 2 (26). Pp. 60-63 (in Russ.).
8. Toshchenko, Zh. T. (2015) Precariat – a new social class. Sociological Studies. No. 6. Pp. 3-13 (in Russ.).
9. Shkaratan, O. I., Кaracharovskiy, V. V., Gasiukova, E. N. (2015) Precariat: Theory and Empirical Analysis (Polls in Russia, 1994–2013 data). Sociological Studies. No. 12. Pp. 99-110 (in Russ.).
10. Lobova, S. V. (2019) Precarious work of scientific and pedagogical workers: contents and consequences. Ekonomicheskoe razvitie regiona: upravlenie, innovatsii, podgotovka kadrov. No. 6. Pp. 243-259 (in Russ.).
11. Goliusova, Yu. V., Klyucharev, G. A. (2017) The strategies of today’s youth employment. Rossija reformirujushhajasja. No. 15. Pp. 72-90 (in Russ.).
12. Vorobyeva, I. V. (2021) Precarization of youth in the field of social and labor relations. Knowledge. Understanding. Skill. No. 3. Pp. 100-112. DOI 10.17805/zpu.2021.3.7 (in Russ.).
13. Toshchenko, Zh. T. (ed.) (2021) Precarious employment: origins, criteria, features. Moscow, “Ves' mir” Publ. 400 p. (In Russ.).
14. Abramova, E. A. (2012) Crisis self-employment in Russia: classification, structure and development levels. Modern high technologies. Regional application. No. 4 (32). Pp. 6-15 (in Russ.).
15. Popov, A. V. (2018) Administrative law status of the self-employed: problems of definition and possible solutions. Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk Academy of the MIA of Russia. No. 2 (69). Pp. 53-59 (in Russ.).
16. Velikaya, N. M. (2020) Youth of Russia in the face of social threats. In : III readings in memory of V. T. Lisovsky. Collection of conference materials (Moscow, 19.12.2019). Moscow, Ekon-Inform. Pp. 106-109 (in Russ.).
17. Kuznetsova, A. P. (2015) The alienation of labor and precarious employment of workers. Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia. No. 2 (196). Pp. 12-18 (in Russ.).
18. Kopytok, V. K., Kuzmina, Yu. V. (2020) Unemployment during COVID-19: what can administrative data tell? [Bezrabotitsa vremen COVID-19: chto mogut rasskazat' administrativnye dannye?]. Center for Advanced Management Solutions. Moscow, TSPUR Publ. 38 p. (In Russ.).
19. Velikii, P. P., Velikaya, N. M. (2021) Actors of rural autonomous household: meanings and results. Economic and Social Changes: Facts, Trends, Forecast. Vol. 14. No. 4. Pp. 201-215. DOI 10.15838/esc.2021.4.76.12 (in Eng.).
20. Maslyukova, E. V., Mokrousova, D. I., Pokusaenko, M. A. (2021) Precarization of the youth’s employment in the context of COVID-19 pandemic consequences. Russian Journal of Economics and Law. Vol. 15. No. 3. Pp. 440-454. DOI 10.21202/2782-2923.2021.3.440-454 (in Russ.).
Article
Received: 08.05.2022
Accepted: 27.06.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Velikaya, N. M. (2022). Precarization of youth labour as a factor in the formation of the "self-employed" group. Science. Culture. Society, 28(2), 6-21. https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.2.1
Section
Social structure and stratification of society
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