The paradigm shift from social action to social interaction
Research Article
How to Cite
Briket D.N. The paradigm shift from social action to social interaction. Science. Culture. Society. 2022. Vol. 28. No. 2. P. 45-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.2.4 (in Russ.).
Abstract
Concepts of social action have a different form in sociology: the model of rational action, the macrotheory of social systems, the behaviorist concept of social exchange. They are applicable for various analytical and empirical problems, and are united by the general tone of the paradigm. This work will describe the classification of social action by M. Weber, as well as its key features involved by subsequent authors. The influence of the concept on the system of social action of T. Parsons will also be considered and attempts to identify ideas that are distinctive for the paradigm will be made. With the existing merits of social action, it is still not able to fully reflect the complexity of human communication. Being created to assess each individual action for its rationality, awareness and focus on social aspects, it lacks the flexibility to analyze continuously moving towards each other social actions. For these tasks the paradigm of social interaction seems to be more adequate. The article analyzes the main provisions of G. Simmel and P. Sorokin, as one of the first sociologists who turned to the concept of interaction, and in the process of comparing the authors, the reasons are derived for which one of them was more important for the future development of the concept. The main ideas of symbolic interactionism are presented: the stages of its formation, the concepts that influenced it, and what role it played in the subsequent directions of the paradigm: phenomenology, ethnomethodology and social constructionism. In conclusion, the main trends of the two paradigms are described and a comparative assessment of their significance for modern sociological theory is given.
Keywords:
social action, social interaction, actor, symbolic interactionism, rationality, phenomenology
References
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13. Garfinkel, H. (2007) Studies in ethnomethodology. St. Petersburg, Peter. 335 p. ISBN 5-469-00033-8 (in Russ.).
14. Schutz, A. (2004) Favorites: a world glowing with meaning. Comp., ed. and afterword by N. M. Smirnova. Moscow, ROSSPEN. 1056 p. ISBN 5-8243-0513-7 (in Russ.).
15. Schutz, A. (2003) The semantic structure of the everyday world: essays on phenomenological sociology. Transl. by A. Ya. Alkhasova, N. Ya. Mazlumyanova. Moscow, Public Opinion Foundation Institute. 334 p. ISBN 5-93947-012-2 (in Russ.).
16. Habermas, J. (1984) Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 1: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Transl. by Th. A. McCarthy. Boston, Mass., Beacon Press. 465 p. (In Eng.).
17. Habermas, J. (1987) Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 2: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Transl. by Th. A. McCarthy. Boston, Mass., Beacon Press. 457 p. (In Eng.).
18. Luhman, N. (2004) Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Vol. I. Gesellschaft als soziales System. Transl. from Germ. by A. Yu. Antonovsky. Moscow, Logos. 232 p. (In Russ.).
19. Nikolaev, V. G. (2001) 2001.02.016. Homans G. C. Social behavior: Its elementary forms (continued) (translation). Social sciences and humanities. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 11: Sociology. No. 3. Pp. 127-164 (in Russ.).
2. Durkheim, E. (1996) De la division du travail social. Transl. from Fr. by A. B. Hoffmann, notes by V. V. Sapov. Moscow, Kanon Publ. 432 p. ISBN 5-88373-036-1 (in Russ).
3. Parsons, T. (2018) The Social System. Moscow, Academic project. 529 p. ISBN 978-5-8291-2255-3 (in Russ.).
4. Nikolaev, V. G. (2001) 2001.02.016. Homans G. C. Social behavior: Its elementary forms (chapters) (translation). Social sciences and humanities. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 11: Sociology. No. 2. Pp. 88-132 (in Russ.).
5. Weber, M. (1990) Selected works. Ed. and after. by Yu. N. Davydova; foreword by P. P. Gaidenko; comments by A. F. Filippova. Moscow, Progress Publ. 808 p. ISBN 5-01-001584-6 (in Russ.).
6. Pareto, V. (2008) Compendio di sociologia generale. Transl. from It. by A. A. Zotova. 2nd ed. Moscow, HSE Publ. House. 511 p. ISBN 978-5-7598-0573-1 (in Russ.).
7. Simmel, G. (1996) Selected Works. In 2 vols. Vol. 2: Contemplation of life. Moscow, “Jurist” Publ. 607 p. ISBN 5-7357-0175-4 (in Russ.).
8. Pitirim Sorokin: New materials for scientific biography. Coll. Scientific Works. Moscow, INION RAN, 2012. 232 p. ISBN 978-5-248-00612-0 (in Russ.).
9. Cooley, Ch. H. (2000) Human nature and the social order. Transl. from Eng. under ed. by A. B. Tolstov. Moscow, Idea-Press. 309 p. ISBN 5-7333-0016-7 (in Russ.).
10. Mead, G. H. (1934) Mind, self and society. Chicago & London, University Of Chicago Press. 445 p. (In Eng.).
11. Bloomer, G. (1984) Society as a symbolic interaction. In: Modern foreign social psychology: texts [Sovremennaya zarubezhnaya sotsial'naya psikhologiya: teksty]. Ed. by T. M. Andreeva [et al.]. Moscow, MSU Publ. house. Pp. 173-179 (in Russ.).
12. Rorty, R. (1967) The Linguistic Turn: Recent Essays in Philosophical Method. Chicago & London, University Of Chicago Press. 416 p. ISBN 978-0226725680 (in Eng.).
13. Garfinkel, H. (2007) Studies in ethnomethodology. St. Petersburg, Peter. 335 p. ISBN 5-469-00033-8 (in Russ.).
14. Schutz, A. (2004) Favorites: a world glowing with meaning. Comp., ed. and afterword by N. M. Smirnova. Moscow, ROSSPEN. 1056 p. ISBN 5-8243-0513-7 (in Russ.).
15. Schutz, A. (2003) The semantic structure of the everyday world: essays on phenomenological sociology. Transl. by A. Ya. Alkhasova, N. Ya. Mazlumyanova. Moscow, Public Opinion Foundation Institute. 334 p. ISBN 5-93947-012-2 (in Russ.).
16. Habermas, J. (1984) Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 1: Reason and the Rationalization of Society. Transl. by Th. A. McCarthy. Boston, Mass., Beacon Press. 465 p. (In Eng.).
17. Habermas, J. (1987) Theory of Communicative Action. Vol. 2: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Transl. by Th. A. McCarthy. Boston, Mass., Beacon Press. 457 p. (In Eng.).
18. Luhman, N. (2004) Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Vol. I. Gesellschaft als soziales System. Transl. from Germ. by A. Yu. Antonovsky. Moscow, Logos. 232 p. (In Russ.).
19. Nikolaev, V. G. (2001) 2001.02.016. Homans G. C. Social behavior: Its elementary forms (continued) (translation). Social sciences and humanities. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 11: Sociology. No. 3. Pp. 127-164 (in Russ.).
Article
Received: 03.06.2022
Accepted: 27.06.2022
Citation Formats
Other cite formats:
APA
Briket, D. N. (2022). The paradigm shift from social action to social interaction. Science. Culture. Society, 28(2), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.2.4
Section
Sociology of science and scientific knowledge
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