Processes of integration/differentiation in Russian society: questions of methodology
Research Article
How to Cite
Sashchenko N.P. Processes of integration/differentiation in Russian society: questions of methodology. Science. Culture. Society. 2022. Vol. 28. No. 4. P. 22-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.4.2 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The problem of theoretical foundations that adequately explain the phenomenon of social integration/differentiation of society in the context of global changes is posed, an analysis of approaches within the framework of sociological, cultural, political science, and psychological postmodern concepts is given. It is shown that the complication of the transitional state of society weakens the effect of adaptive socio-psychological mechanisms, removing the problem of the complexity of the transitional state from the analytical field of social sciences into the interdisciplinary space.
Possible directions of theoretical search for factors of latent influence on the processes of integration/differentiation, social groups and society as a whole are revealed. The large gap that has arisen between subjective and objective spaces and time, the attitude towards them and the changes taking place in them, is proposed to be explored with the help of cultural concepts of evolutionary dynamics and intra-system and cross-system aromorphoses.
It is shown that sociological science refers to the understanding of the processes of integration/differentiation of the time of late modernity, characterized by great uncertainty, fluidity, complexity, and ambiguity. The analysis of identification mechanisms of consolidation and fragmentation has been developed within the framework of cognitivist and constructionist-oriented concepts, the mutual influence of identity, historical social structures and social processes.
The importance of studying the conditions of consolidation, cohesion of society within the framework of the concept of a divided society, established in political science.
It is proposed to turn to the macropsychological approach to analyze the psychological state of society. Attention is drawn to the fact that psychological studies of the polarization of consciousness of the last decade take into account the changing contexts of globalization, transitivity, virtuality, as well as new approaches to the analysis of information culture: from the analysis of general characteristics to the differentiation of layers, to the accounting and description of new "archaeological" layers information culture.
Keywords:
social integration, social differentiation, divided society, social fragmentation, consolidation, nation-state identity, sociological theory, concepts of political science
References
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33. Lotman Yu. M. (2000) Semiosphere. St. Petersburg, “Art-SPB” Publ. 704 p. ISBN 5-210-01488-6 (in Russ.).
34. Drobizheva L. M. (2020) Russian identity: searching for definition and distribution dynamic. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 8. Pp. 37–50. DOI 10.31857/S013216250009460-9 (in Russ.).
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39. Yurevich A. V. (2014) Psychology of social phenomena. Moscow, Institute of Psychology RAS. 348 p. ISBN 978-5-9270-0288-7 (in Russ.).
40. Moscovici S., Zavalloni M. (1969) The group as a polarizer of attitudes. Journal of personality and social psychology. Vol. 12(2). Pp. 125–135. DOI 10.1037/h0027568 (in Eng.).
41. Lebedev A. N. (2019) Psychological condition of society from the viewpoint of macropsychological approach. Vestnik Rossijskogo fonda fundamental'nyh issledovanij. No. 4 (104). Pp. 41–48. DOI 10.22204/2410-4639-2019-104-04-41-48 (in Russ.).
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43. Nestik T. A., Selezneva A. V., Shestopal E. B., Yurevich A. V. (2021) The problem of the psychological state of society and political processes in modern Russia. Voprosy Psychologi. Vol. 67. No. 5. Pp. 3–14 (in Russ.).
2. Porshnev B. F. (2010) Countersuggestion and history (An elementary socio-psychological phenomenon and its transformation in the development of mankind). Historical Psychology & Sociology [Istoricheskya psihologia i sociologia istorii]. Vol. 3. No. 2. Pp. 185–219 (in Russ.).
3. Porshnev B. F. (1968) "We and them" as a constructive principle of mental community. Materials of the III All-Union Congress of the Society of Psychologists. Vol. 3. Issue 1 (in Russ.).
4. Vite O. T. (2007) "I'm a happy person". The book "On the Beginning of Human History" and its place in the creative biography of B. F. Porshnev. Development of personality. No. 2. Pp. 204–225 (in Russ.).
5. Porshnev B. F. (1964) Principles of socio-ethnic psychology. Moscow. 126p. (In Russ.).
6. Differential-integration theory of development. Book 2. Moscow, LRC Publ. House, 2014. 720 p. ISBN 978-5-9551-0733-2 (in Russ.).
7. Nikovskaya L. I. (2010) Modernization in Russia: a problem of model selection. Science. Culture. Society. No. 4. Pp. 76–87 (in Russ.).
8. Luhmann N. (1982) The Differentiation of Society. New York, Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-04996-X (in Eng.).
9. Dubin B. V. (2009) Disconnection mode. New notes on the definition of culture and politics. Pro et Contra. Vol. 13. No. 1. Pp. 6–19 (in Russ.).
10. Sorokin P. S., Popova T. A. (2021) Classical and contemporary approaches to the study of solidarity: Challenges and perspectives under destructuration. RUDN Journal of Sociology. Vol. 21. No. 3. Pp. 457–468. DOI 10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-3-457-468 (in Russ.).
11. Filippov A. (2011) Mobility and solidarity. Paper 1. Sociological Review. Vol. 10. No. 3. Pp. 4–20 (in Russ.).
12. Filippov A. F. (2020) The People as a Sociological Fiction and Political Reality. In: Ways of Russia. populism and populism. Coll. of articles of the XXVI International Symposium. Moscow, “Delo” RANEPA Publ. Pp. 111–121 (in Russ.).
13. Ambarova P. A. (2022) Social fragmentation of communities in modern Russia: in search of a sociological theory. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 1. Pp. 41–51. DOI 10.31857/S013216250017229-4 (in Russ.).
14. Zinoviev A. A. (2008) On the way to supersociety. Moscow, AST Publ. 335 p. ISBN 978-5-271-21740-1 (in Russ.).
15. Sztompka P. (2001) Social change as a trauma. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 1. Pp. 6–16 (in Russ.).
16. Sztompka P. (2005) Sociology. Analysis of modern society. Transl. from Polish by S. M. Chervonnaya. Moscow, Logos Publ. 664 p. ISBN 5-98704-024-8 (in Russ.).
17. Bauman Z. (2008) Liquid modernity. Transl. from Eng. by S. A. Komarov. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ. 240 p. ISBN 978-5-469-00034-1 (in Russ.).
18. Drobizheva L. M. (2017) Dynamics of civic identity and its potential in positive integration processes in the Russian community. Monitoring of public opinion: Economic and social changes. No. 4. Pp. 7–22. DOI 10.14515/monitoring.2017.4.02 (in Russ.).
19. Semenenko I. S., Lapkin V. V., Pantin V. I. (2021) Social cleavages and political divides in a theoretical perspective: criteria for assessment and classification. Polis. Political Studies. No. 5. Pp. 56–77. DOI 10.17976/jpps/2021.05.05 (in Russ.).
20. Semenenko I. S. (2021) Rethinking development in social sciences: on the threshold of an ethical turn. Polis. Political Studies. No. 2. Pp. 25–45. DOI 10.17976/jpps/2021.02.03 (in Russ.).
21. Semenenko I. S. (2012) “Homo politicus” facing alternative political developments: rethinking the individual dimension of politics. Polis. Political Studies. No. 6. Pp. 9–26 (in Russ.).
22. Elias N. (2001) Die Gesellschaft der Individuen. Transl. from Deutsch by A. Yu. Antonovsky [et al.]. Moscow, Praxis Publ. 331 p. ISBN 5-901574-01-X (in Russ.).
23. Ananyin M. A., Arkhangelsky V. N., Bezverbny V. A. [et al.] (2021) Pandemic challenges and the strategic agenda for society and the state: the socio-political situation and demographics in 2021. Moscow, FCTAS RAS. 558 p. DOI 10.19181/monogr.978-5-89697-384-3.2021 (in Russ.).
24. Kim A. S., Polyushkevich O. A. (2022) Social solidarity through pro-social practices of civic activists and volunteers. In: Social consolidation and social reproduction of modern Russian society: resources, problems, and prospects: Proceedings of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference (Irkutsk, February 21, 2022). Irkutsk, Irkutsk State University. 307 p. Pp. 65–68 (in Russ.).
25. Rogachev S. V., Il'icheva M. V., Ivanov A. V. (2022) Social trust and the process of consolidation of society: new opportunities and risks. Izvestiya TulGU. Humanitarian sciences. No. 1. Pp. 129–140. DOI 10.24412/2071-6141-2022-1-129-140 (in Russ.).
26. Makusheva M. O. (2022) “Conflict and Solidarity”. How the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is projected onto the public opinion of Russians. Sociodigger. Vol. 3. No. 7(19). Pp. 11–20 (in Russ.).
27. Charity in Russia: involvement, motives, barriers. WCIOM. September 5, 2022. URL: https://wciom.ru/analytical-reviews/analiticheskii-obzor/blagotvoritelnost-v-rossii-vovlechennost-motivy-barery (last request: 12.09.2022) (in Russ.).
28. Vakhstein V. S. (2020) Pandemic, Fear, Solidarity. Russia in Global Affairs. Vol. 18. No. 3(103). Pp. 155–162.
29. Baehr P. (2005) Social extremity, communities of fate, and the sociology of SARS. European Journal of Sociology. No. 46(2). Pp. 179–211. DOI 10.1017/S000397560500007X (in Eng.).
30. Parsons T. (1998) The system of modern societies. Transl. from Eng. by L. A. Sedov & A. D. Kovalev. Moscow, Aspect Press. 270 p. ISBN 5-7567-0225-3 (in Russ.).
31. Sorokin P. (1992) Man, civilization, society. Moscow, Politizdat. 543 p. ISBN 5-250-01297-3 (in Russ.).
32. Shabrov O. F. (2020) Cultural policy and national-state sovereignty. Vlast’. Vol. 28. No. 6. Pp. 295–299. DOI 10.31171/vlast.v28i6.7800 (in Russ.).
33. Lotman Yu. M. (2000) Semiosphere. St. Petersburg, “Art-SPB” Publ. 704 p. ISBN 5-210-01488-6 (in Russ.).
34. Drobizheva L. M. (2020) Russian identity: searching for definition and distribution dynamic. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. No. 8. Pp. 37–50. DOI 10.31857/S013216250009460-9 (in Russ.).
35. Evgenyeva T. V. (2019) Identification measurement of the image of the country: research methods and interpretation of results. In: Proceedings of the IX International Sociological Grushin Conference “Social Engineering: How Sociology Changes the World” (Moscow, March 20-21, 2019). Moscow, WCIOM Publ. Pp. 188–193 (in Russ.).
36. Sashchenko N. P. (2020) Transformation of socio-political ideas: the problem of national-state identity. In: Pandemic as an engine of transformation: global, state and corporate governance. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference. Moscow, Knorus Publ. Pp. 28–32 (in Russ.).
37. Guseltseva M. S. (2018) Psychological markers of change: transformation of values in a transitive society. In: Mobilis in mobili: personality in an era of change. Ed. by A. Asmolov. Moscow, LRC Publ. House. Pp. 181–198 (in Russ.).
38. Volovikova M. I., Emelyanova T. P., Zhuravlev A. L. [et al.] (2012) Macropsychology of modern Russian society. Moscow, Institute of Psychology RAS. 352 p. ISBN 978-5-9270-0150-7 (in Russ.).
39. Yurevich A. V. (2014) Psychology of social phenomena. Moscow, Institute of Psychology RAS. 348 p. ISBN 978-5-9270-0288-7 (in Russ.).
40. Moscovici S., Zavalloni M. (1969) The group as a polarizer of attitudes. Journal of personality and social psychology. Vol. 12(2). Pp. 125–135. DOI 10.1037/h0027568 (in Eng.).
41. Lebedev A. N. (2019) Psychological condition of society from the viewpoint of macropsychological approach. Vestnik Rossijskogo fonda fundamental'nyh issledovanij. No. 4 (104). Pp. 41–48. DOI 10.22204/2410-4639-2019-104-04-41-48 (in Russ.).
42. Lebedev A. N. (2022) On the theory of value-affective polarization of social groups. Proceedings of the Institute of Psychology of RAS. Vol. 2. No. 1. Pp. 2–19. DOI 10.38098/proceedings_2022_02_01_01 (in Russ.).
43. Nestik T. A., Selezneva A. V., Shestopal E. B., Yurevich A. V. (2021) The problem of the psychological state of society and political processes in modern Russia. Voprosy Psychologi. Vol. 67. No. 5. Pp. 3–14 (in Russ.).
Article
Received: 28.09.2022
Accepted: 15.12.2022
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APA
Sashchenko, N. P. (2022). Processes of integration/differentiation in Russian society: questions of methodology. Science. Culture. Society, 28(4), 22-35. https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2022.28.4.2
Section
Theory and methods of sociological science
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