The historical experience of the six waves of Russian emigration and the current policy of preventing brain drain
Research Article
How to Cite
Seleznev I.A. The historical experience of the six waves of Russian emigration and the current policy of preventing brain drain. Science. Culture. Society. 2024. Vol. 30. No. 4. P. 68-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2024.30.4.5 (in Russ.).
Abstract
The article analyzes the consequences of emigration after the start of the special military operation for the scientific and engineering potential of the country. First of all, attention is paid to IT-specialists. Within the framework of the historical sociology approach, a model of 6 waves of emigration from Russia over 100 years has been proposed. The waves of Russian emigration are consistently considered with reference to the problems of the relationship between the intelligentsia and the government and the "brain drain". The characteristic of each of the waves of emigration, features, motivations, social composition, orientation, allowing them to be distinguished from each other not only by time periods, is given. Thus, waves No. 1, 2, 3, 6 had a political and ideological justification, waves No. 4, 5 were exclusively economic, the outflow of qualified personnel was associated with waves No. 1, 3, 4, 6. The "idea of a common fate" with Russia was considered as an alternative to the assimilation of emigrants in the host country. A comparative analysis of the perception of Russian emigrants by the host country (the West) in the conditions of the Cold War and detente (the "third wave" of emigration) and in the conditions of hybrid war (the "sixth wave") is carried out. Conclusions are drawn based on the indicated trends that, under the conditions of sanctions, there was no collapse of the Russian economy in general and the IT industry in particular, and there was no personnel disaster with the departure of qualified specialists.
Keywords:
waves of emigration, relocants, brain drain, intelligentsia and government, IT-specialists, the idea of a common destiny, hybrid warfare, comparative historical method
References
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3. Selyugina K. V. Features of experiencing grief among relocators from Russia in the Kyrgyz republic. Scientific Notes of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Sociology. Pedagogy. Psychology. 2024;10(3):152–162. (In Russ.).
4. Kalganova S. O. A media portrait of one relocant. In: Education in the XXI century: between routine and creativity. Coll. of mat. of the XXVI International Scientific and Practical Conference. Yekaterinburg: Humanitarian University; 2024. P. 606–611. (In Russ.).
5. Khoperskaya L. L. Relocants from Russia – 2022: a social, psychological and political phenomenon. Political Science Issues. 2003;13(3):973–987. (In Russ.). DOI 10.35775/PSI.2023.91.3.009.
6. Korolkova M. Re-emigration in 2022. Sociodigger. 2023;4(3-4):31–34. (In Russ.).
7. Atanesyan A. V. “Relocated Russians” in perceptions of Armenian youth. Sociological Studies. 2023;(6):112–122. (In Russ.). DOI 10.31857/S013216250026383-4.
8. Evstratov A. G. Relocation of Russians to Armenia in the light of RF special operation in Ukraine. Arhont. 2022;(3):85–90. (In Russ.).
9. Pustarnakova A. A., Sitnikova A. M., Tribunskaya N. A. Transformation of the image of Russian migrants in Georgian media under the influence of socio-political conditions. Social and humanitarian knowledge. 2023;(6):32–36. (In Russ.).
10. Ardalyanova A. Yu. Relocants from Russia in Mongolia: an analysis of Russian and Mongolian media. In: Social processes in Northeast Asia: current state and development trends. Coll. of art. on the results of the international scientific seminar. St. Petersburg: Asterion; 2023. P. 9-16. (In Russ.).
11. Bredikhin A. V. Russian migrants in Mongolia: historical and sociological aspect. Population. 2024;27(1):153–165. (In Russ.). DOI 10.24412/1561-7785-2024-1-153-165.
12. Lebedeva O. N. IT-relocants: social portrait and behavioral models. In: Russian society today: values, institutions, processes. Mater. of XVII Kovalev Readings. St. Petersburg: Scientia; 2023. P. 282–284. (In Russ.).
13. Kipreev S. N. Critical analysis of the relocant phenomenon: "don't you think that your place is near...". In: Innovative research: problems of implementing results and development trends: coll. of art. of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Ufa: Omega Science; 2024. P. 129–133. (In Russ.).
14. Senkevich A. V. Relocants: the value aspect. Chelovek. Nauka. Sotsium. 2024;(2):124–134. (In Russ.).
15. Bulgakova M. A. Relocants of the XX–XXI centuries: through the prism of history and economics. Journal of Economic History & History of Economics. 2024;25(2):289–312. (In Russ.). DOI 10.17150/2308-2488.2024.25(2).289-312.
16. Averin A. N., Ponedelkov A. V., Karepova S. G., Seleznev I. A. Migration situation in modern Russian society. Humanities, social economic and social sciences. 2023;(10):13–19. (In Russ.). DOI 10.23672/SAE.2023.61.96.003.
17. Peregudov S. P., Lapkin V. V., Zagladin N. V. [et al.]. Russia: society of risks? World Economy and International Relations. 2011;(11):97–104. (In Russ.).
18. Fomin M. V. Russia. Matrix of social (in)stability. World Economy and International Relations. 2010;(8):56–68. (In Russ.).
19. Nazarov M. V. The mission of Russian emigration. In 2 Vol. Vol. 1. Stavropol: Kavkazskii krai; 1992. (In Russ.). ISBN 5-86722-123-7.
Article
Received: 05.10.2024
Accepted: 20.12.2024
Citation Formats
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APA
Seleznev, I. A. (2024). The historical experience of the six waves of Russian emigration and the current policy of preventing brain drain. Science. Culture. Society, 30(4), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.19181/nko.2024.30.4.5
Section
Politics and social sphere of society
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